When was the baruch plan

A single mistake or misunderstanding could initiate the extinction of mankind. To avoid such a catastrophe, the United Nations passed a resolution to create a commission that would examine the use of nuclear energy and determine what institutional frameworks were needed to steer the technology toward peaceful uses. Bernard Baruch see Fig. The violations of this plan were: In the agreement, penalties of as serious a nature as the nations may wish and as immediate and certain in their execution as possible should be fixed for:.

Illegal possession, or separation, of atomic material suitable for use in an atomic bomb. Seizure of any plant or other property belonging to or licensed by the Authority. Creation or operation of dangerous projects in a manner contrary to, or in the absence of, a license granted by the international control body.

Baruch's proposal did provide for international control and inspection of nuclear production facilities, but clearly announced that the United States would maintain its nuclear weapons monopoly until every aspect of the proposal was in effect and working, and only once the plan was fully implemented, would the United States begin the process of destroying its nuclear arsenal.

Molotov proposes adding a fifth point to their original proposal: the creation, via the Security Council, of an institute for international control. Incoming Cable No. Molotov, 9 November A cable discussing nuclear arms control. Stalin agrees with Molotov on control of nuclear weapons and arms reductions, but believes they should be considered separately. He also believes arms reduction must encompass naval and aerial forces.

Stalin, 20 November Dekanozov relates a conversation with Ambassador Smith, who indicated that President Truman was interested in control over nuclear energy. Smith would like to meet with Stalin when he returns from Sochi. Druzhkov [Stalin], 26 November A cable from Molotov, discussing an additional point the Soviets plan to add to their proposal and seeking approval from Stalin.

The point recommends a special commission within the Security Council for the purposes of both arms reduction and nuclear arms control. Molotov, 26 November A copy of the draft resolution submitted by the United States to the UN, regarding arms reduction.

Molotov thinks that this draft may be taken as a basis with the introduction of some changes he plans to report at a later time. Molotov, 3 December Stalin approves of the American draft for arms control as a basis, but instructs Molotov to insist on specific wording for certain points. He also does not recommend introducing any addendums as he believes they will fail. Telegram, Gromyko to Cde. Dekanozov, 19 December A copy of a report to be submitted to the Security Council, detailing a commission's conclusions and recommendations for future control of atomic energy.

A directive for the Soviet delegation, providing instructions and guidelines on handling a proposed quota system for atomic production. The Soviet position is that the quota is not useful unless a prohibition of atomic weapons occurs, in contrast to the Anglo-American opinion. Stalin, Collected Works Volume 16 , Marxists internet archive www. The History and Public Policy Program strives to make public the primary source record of 20th and 21st century international history from repositories around the world, to facilitate scholarship based on those records, and to use these materials to provide context for classroom, public, and policy debates on global affairs.

Read more. Under the Baruch Plan the Atomic Development Authority would oversee the development and use of atomic energy, manage any nuclear installation with the ability to produce nuclear weapons, and inspect any nuclear facility conducting research for peaceful purposes. The plan also prohibited the illegal possession of an atomic bomb, the seizure of facilities administered by the Atomic Development Authority, and punished violators who interfered with inspections.

The Atomic Development Authority would answer only to the Security Council, which was charged with punishing those nations that violated the terms of the plan by imposing sanctions. Most importantly, the Baruch Plan would have stripped all members of the United Nations Security Council of their veto power concerning the issue of United Nations sanctions against nations that engaged in prohibited activities.

Once the plan was fully implemented, the United States was to begin the process of destroying its nuclear arsenal. The Soviets strongly opposed any plan that allowed the United States to retain its nuclear monopoly, not to mention international inspections of Soviet domestic nuclear facilities. The Soviets also rejected the idea of surrendering their Security Council veto over any issue as they argued that the council was already stacked in favor the United States.

By September 17, Baruch confessed to President Truman that he feared there was no possibility of reaching an agreement before the end of the year, at which point there would be a rotation of the non-permanent members of the UNAEC.